The wrong people are using the wrong tools in the wrong way

It is a tale of two reports.

The first was released last month by the investigators of the Cycling International Report Commission (CIRI). They examined the actions of Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) who govern elite cycling.

Their report is a review of the colossal failure of anti-doping efforts in cycling over the last twenty-years. This failure came about despite tens-of-millions of dollars being spent on anti-doping and the deaths of a number of riders. The former cyclist Nicole Cooke brilliantly described the failure as, “The wrong people using the wrong tools in the wrong way.”  The CIRI report itself says, “…from the early 1990s to the mid/late 2000s, it would have been hard to overestimate the prevalence of drug use in the peloton.”

The second report is one of a series of secret documents about purported investigations into match-fixing in international sport. The documents were leaked to me by a number of sources. I will write about one specific report in my next blog. I do so because both reports show a disturbing similarity in the attitude of officials towards corruption in their sport. It seems the sports world has learned little from the failures of the anti-doping campaign. The fight against match-fixing is just starting, but it is repeating almost exactly the errors of the anti-doping fiasco.

Here are some of the similarities between the two campaigns:

1) The real problem is very small
According to the CIRI report there is actually a very small number of doctors who provide most of the drugs for the elite cyclists. You could wipe out doping for the next few years by stopping these doctors. Get them banned from their medical practices. Put them in jail if possible. Cause them, and their many sporting clients, the maximum embarrassment possible.

We know their names and their addresses; yet comparatively little action is spent stopping them. When there is action, like the Spanish police investigation on the Madrid doctor who allegedly provided drugs for hundreds of top-level Spanish athletes, his client list was never revealed. This allowed many top athletes to escape punishment or even embarrassment.

It is the same thing in match-fixing. Currently, there is a small group of match-fixers based in Asia who act as brokers to fixers around the world. These Asian fixers help put the cash of the fixers on to the gambling market. Most of these Asian fixers are well-known. Officials know who they are, where they live, what they do, their photos, their identities – almost everything. Yet they are allowed to work. When there is action, like the detention of the Singaporean fixer Dan Tan, he is not allowed to testify in a public trial allowing many top sports officials and athletes to escape punishment or even embarrassment.

There is a red-herring of an argument made about this situation: “If we prosecuted these people seriously they would just be replaced by others.”

Actually, if authorities really prosecuted the doctors/fixers and their clients it would be a serious disincentive for any one to replace them. Currently, doping doctors and gambling match-fixers know that many officials will not prosecute them with any seriousness.

2) The dopers are welcomed back
“…the more common issue now appears to be the return to the sport of riders who doped in the past and take up roles as directeur sportif or trainers. Many interviewees commented that they felt that it was difficult for the sport to change whilst individuals who rode in the doping era continue to have such a strong influence on the sport. This was also seen as a reason for the existence of the last remnants of the omertà, as older attitudes were to shun whistleblowers…”
CIRI, page 79

Players, coaches and officials who fixed are also welcomed back in the sport. The issue is particularly strong in Asia and Africa where a slew of coaches and athletes who were involved in fixing are now at senior level. Possibly the worst of many examples is a quote from an interview that I did with a senior Asian football official who was in charge of fighting fixing in his country:

Hill: Did you match-fix when you were a player?

Official: Oh yes. But it was different… there was nothing obvious. Some of the senior players would tell us the difference should be in the goal difference. In other words, don’t win by three goals just win by a few goals less.
Insider’s Guide to Match-Fixing, page 224.

3) Ethics vs. Rational Choice
In the anti-doping world the blame was often pushed on to the athletes rather than officials who administered a system that covertly encouraged doping. Millions of anti-doping dollars were put into projects to ‘educate’ athletes. In particular, there was an attempt to portray doping in cycling as an ethical failure on the part of a very few cyclists.

However the findings of the CIRI report are very explicit. The decision to dope in the 1990s and early 2000s was mostly rational choice – ‘if you want to win, you have to dope.’ If a young cyclist had another income stream or profession, they usually left cycling rather than dope. The cyclists who had no other career choices stayed and, if they wanted to win consistently, they doped.

Again there are similarities in match-fixing. Currently, there are groups of consultants and gambling companies who go about giving lectures to players about the ‘ethics’ of match-fixing. Quite how a group of well-paid outsiders have the gall to lecture often unpaid, exploited athletes on ethics is a mystery. Particularly, when some of the consultants have received funding from organizations that suffer credibility issues on integrity like FIFA or the Qataris.

To be clear, most athletes hate fixing. They fix because they are badly paid or because they have been ordered to fix by their coaches or owners. There are a few genuine scumbags who fix because of a lack of integrity – but no FIFA-sponsored ethics course will get them to stop.

4) External Investigations trump Internal Reports
“The most effective way of cleaning up the sport is to pursue individuals through investigations as soon as a suspicion is raised”…  “CIRI notes that major doping scandals were uncovered due to investigative powers of public authorities.”
CIRI Report, page 15 & 212

The CIRI report demonstrates that external investigation were better than internal sporting authorities in finding out the truth about doping. It is the same issue in the fight against match-fixing. There is a dangerous myth being peddled by some sports officials and misled academics – that police are reluctant to intervene in the sports world.

Bosh.

Today, almost everything factual that we know about match-fixing comes from a series of well-resourced police investigations (and, to be fair, my books The Fix and The Insiders Guide to Fixing and some parts of Wilson Raj Perumal’s excellent book Kelong Kings). The idea that police do not want to investigate match-fixing is countered by the words of many of the investigators that I spoke to.  For example,

“We [the law enforcement agencies] received no help from the football association. In fact quite the opposite, they closed ranks. They do not want to admit publicly that it [match-fixing] goes on.”
Page 253, The Insider’s Guide to Fixing.

5) Image over reality
“The emphasis of UCI’s anti-doping policy was, therefore, to give the impression that UCI was tough on doping rather than actually being good at anti-doping. UCI portrayed itself as always being at the forefront of the fight against doping.”
CIRI report, Page 10

There is a similar issue in match-fixing. Witness the countless conferences and reports brought out by the professional consultant brigade and sporting officials. The sporting world is often more concerned with giving the impression that they are doing something to clean up the problem. Often sports officials see match-fixing as a marketing issue, rather than an existential threat to the sport they administer.

6) Appropriation of heroes and language
The final issue is the use of noble language and postures by the very people engaged in corruption. A whole generation of the ‘good guys’ in the anti-doping war were deliberately sidelined by an establishment, some of whom were complicit with dopers.

The one person who emerges from the CIRI report with absolute credibility is Richard Pound, the former President of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). In the long, sorry story of anti-doping efforts in cycling he was correct in almost everything that he said. Yet the UCI tried very hard to discredit Pound (they also sued him for libel). They even commissioned an “independent report” into Lance Armstrong after Pound suggested an investigation into Armstrong. However, when writing the “independent report” the UCI actually got Lance Armstrong’s lawyer to help shape it.

The same phenomenon exists in match-fixing. Almost every single genuine hero of the fight has been systematically attacked, appropriated or discredited by the sports authorities and their dreary sidekicks. There has been a deliberate attempt to create a series of establishment ‘heroes’ and ‘anti-fixing’ institutions who have been ruthless in trying to steal the credit for the good work of law-enforcement against match-fixers.

Free media
The other winner (aside from Richard Pound) to emerge from the CIRI report is press freedom. It is difficult to think that any of the doping scandals in cycling would have ever been dealt with properly, without someone, somewhere leaking the information to the media.

The authors of the CIRI report write about the need for privacy and chastise WADA and their American counterparts USADA for publicly attacking UCI and/or leaking information to the media. The CIRI report claims that the critics should have taken their problem to a higher, competent authority in the sports world. And which organization would that have been? Sadly, their own report shows that there few credible institution in sports ready to take anti-doping seriously.

The next blog will examine one of the ‘investigations’ into match-fixing at the highest level of international sport. Sadly, it seems to show disturbing similarities into the failed anti-doping campaign.

This article first appeared on Declan Hill's blog and is republished on playthegame.org with kind permission from the author.