Knowledge bank: Sport and exercise professionals generally have a deep, even romantic attachment to sport. While the field of sport, exercise and physical education has much to commend it, it is important that professionals in this division of the ‘body industry’ have a complete and unsentimental grasp of it.

Knowledge bank: If you have sweet dreams about Olympic medals the best advice is to be very selective choosing your parents! Research suggests that genes account for up to 50 per cent of the variance in athletic performance.

Australian scientist Robin Parisotto developed a groundbreaking EPO test in the run-up to the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney. Now he has begun work on a test that can discover if athletes have used genetic doping to augment their body’s production of EPO. In this excerpt from his recent book, Blood Sports, Parisotto describes what the world of sport may look like if genetic doping is allowed to go ahead.

Knowledge bank: Doping is widespread not only in elite sports but also in fitness centers across the world and it is a highly underestimated problem. 

Knowledge bank: Research findings of the routine, day-to-day amount of coverage of women in sport, remain that female athletes are still, in many cases, symbolically annihilated.